A method to determine how much intermittent renewable energy can be reliably added to a power grid. It uses load forecasts and system parameters to calculate energy limits, storage size, and the minimum required output from non-renewable sources. It also supports gradual increases in renewable input and optimal grid configuration. Implementation can be through software, hardware, or both.

A smart system that uses computer models to manage a small-scale power network (picogrid) by scheduling battery charging at optimal times based on energy prices, user preferences, and device data. This helps supply essential power more efficiently and affordably during outages or expensive electricity hours. The system can be built into devices using software, hardware, or both.

A developed computer model to predict energy demand, decide how much renewable energy can be added, how much storage is needed, and how much backup power is required. This ensures stable and efficient use of clean energy. This further helps power grids handle the ups and downs of renewable energy like wind and solar.

A smart controller called a "DC picogrid" that manages a local battery for each device. It detects the power source, learns outage patterns, and charges the battery from the grid. During outages, it powers the device from the battery, reducing energy loss and backup load, and can adjust the device to save energy, making backup power more efficient and lasting longer.